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CAPACIDAD DE PANELES SOLARES

El dimensionamiento del sistema solar es simple cuando se determina los componentes del sistema como ,capacidad de paneles solares,inversor ,controlador de carga y tamaño de la bateria si queremos almacenar electricidad.

El conocimiento básico de algunos valores y magnitudes es necesario para ello:

  • Volt (V) se utiliza para medir Tensiones.
  • Amperio (A) se utiliza para medir Corriente.
  • Watt (W) se utiliza para medir la potencia y es el resultado de multiplicar la tensión por la corriente: W = V x

De esta forma, teniendo dos valores de grandeza, podremos calcular el tercero.

Capacidad de paneles solares

Paneles solares capacidad en watts

Otras medidas encontradas en sistemas solares son:

  • Wp = Watt de pico: es la máxima potencia obtenida en condiciones ideales.
  • Wh = Watt hora: la potencia generada o consumida por hora. Es normal en generación de energía si determina el total generado en un período de tiempo.
  • Ap = Amperio de pico: es la corriente máxima obtenida en una condición ideal.
  • Ah = Amperio hora: la corriente máxima obtenida o consumida en una hora.

Haga la relación de todos los equipos, luces, etc …, que desea conectar al sistema, compruebe el consumo en Watts y la cantidad de horas que cada uno quedará encendido por día. Multiplicar los valores de consumo por las horas de uso.

Añada los resultados y obtenga el consumo diario de energía. Cuando se trata de consumo no regular, tales como residencias de fin de semana, es preferible trabajar con valores de consumo, considerando los días que no habrá consumo pero hay generación y eso debe ser compensado con el almacenamiento en baterías.

capacidad de paneles solares

Dimensionamiento del panel solar

La elección del panel solar se realiza a través de su capacidad de generación en Ah.

Con el valor de la potencia requerida en Watts por día, divida el valor por la tensión del sistema (ej .: 12 o 24 V) y obtendrá la corriente / día necesaria:

A = W / 12 o 24

El resultado debe dividirse de nuevo por el tiempo medio de insolación. Con el valor en Ah encontrado, elija el panel que se iguala o supera este valor en la tabla de paneles. Para 24V se debe tener en cuenta que tendrá como mínimo 2 paneles del mismo modelo interconectados en serie.

Dimensionamiento del controlador de carga

El controlador de carga se define por la tensión de trabajo de los módulos y la cadena. Su capacidad debe superar la corriente total de los paneles a conectar.

Si la corriente supera el valor del controlador, debe considerarse la posibilidad de dividir la instalación por más controladores y baterías. Los sistemas más complejos se recomienda consultar a profesionales con experiencia en el área.

Dimensionamiento de las baterías

Los sistemas solares se pueden instalar con baterías comunes de automóviles, aunque no se recomienda. Si es su elección, tome algunos cuidados, tales como:

Trabaje con baterías selladas y aplique el valor de consumo diario de corriente (Ah) veces (x) 5 (cinco). No es recomendable que las baterías trabajen con menos del 50% de su carga y cuando hay este riesgo el número de baterías debe ser aumentado.

Las baterías fabricadas para descarga profunda poseen mejor rendimiento pudiendo trabajar con hasta un 90% de su capacidad y su vida útil es mucho mayor que las convencionales. Aplicar el valor de consumo diario de corriente x 3 (tres).

Busque siempre combinar baterías de la misma marca y capacidad.

Dimensionamiento del variador

Los inversores se utilizan para energizar equipos en corriente alterna. Busque saber qué condición de onda pueden conectarse los equipos.

Estos equipos poseen un factor de eficiencia o potencia (FP) que se da en proporción a la pérdida del propio circuito.

Calcule el consumo en Wh y compare con la capacidad REAL del inversor (Capacidad en W x FP). El inversor debe tener una capacidad superior al consumo.

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