CALENTADOR DE AGUA SOLAR

Un calentador de agua solar es un dispositivo que se puede utilizar para capturar la luz del sol con el fin de calentar el agua de las tuberías para usar en baños, duchas, etc.

¿Cuàles son los componentes de un calentador de agua solar?

Los calentadores de agua solares Consiste principalmente en: 

  • un panel térmico (colector solar) instalado en el techo;
  • un tanque para almacenar agua caliente;
  • accesorios , como una bomba de circulación para llevar la energía solar desde el colector al tanque, y un regulador térmico .

Sin embargo, se requiere un sistema de calefacción de respaldo para los momentos en que no haya suficiente luminosidad.

Energía limpia ilimitada para calentar el agua

Un calentador de agua solar es un dispositivo que utiliza la luz solar (en lugar del calor del sol) para calentar el agua. Permite ahorros sustanciales de energía, ya que el sol que brilla en 1m² de techo reemplaza 100 l de combustible para calefacción o 100 m³ de gas natural (aproximadamente 1 000 kWh) al año.

En general, es posible calentar de 50 a 70% del agua utilizada en la cocina y el baño de esta manera.

Al suministrar una lavadora o un lavavajillas con esta agua caliente también se corta la electricidad que utilizan  estos aparatos para calentar el agua y acortar los ciclos de lavado.

¿Cómo funciona un calentador de agua solar?

 

El calentador de agua solar absorbe la luz por medio de un colector colocado en el techo y lo convierte en calor. Pasa este calor a un tanque de agua por medio de una bomba de circulación.




Este intercambio es activado por el regulador térmico, pero solo cuando el colector está más caliente que el agua en el tanque. Esto evita que las bombas circulantes usen electricidad innecesariamente. Por el contrario, también evita el sobrecalentamiento.

La eficiencia de los recolectores está en su punto más alto al mediodía, en verano, cuando el cielo no tiene nubes, y cuando los recolectores miran hacia el sur. Sin embargo, los recolectores también funcionan bien en otras estaciones, cuando el cielo está nublado, durante buena parte del día, incluso si miran al este o al oeste.

Del mismo modo, la eficiencia es mejor con un gradiente de 35 ° con respecto al horizonte, pero se pueden obtener buenos resultados con colectores instalados verticalmente en una fachada.

Cuando no hay suficiente luz solar, el agua se precalienta y un sistema de respaldo se encarga de llevar el agua a la temperatura requerida. Por lo tanto, este sistema puede usarse para producir agua caliente a temperatura constante durante todo el año sin emitir ningún CO2.

¿Quién inventó el calentador solar? 

 Con el aumento de la población y los precios de los combustibles fósiles, la electricidad también se ha convertido en un asunto costoso con el tiempo. La calefacción del agua para uso doméstico o con fines comerciales siempre ha consumido una gran parte de la electricidad.

Sin embargo, siempre ha habido una sección de personas desde la antigüedad en Europa occidental, Asia y China que han practicado la vida diaria sobre la base de la energía solar.

Esta idea llevó a muchos científicos a desarrollar dispositivos que funcionaran con energía solar y, finalmente, un empresario estadounidense, Clarence Kemp, desarrolló y patentó el primer calentador de agua solar comercial del mundo llamado Climax.

¿Cuándo se inventó el calentador solar?

Este invento se llevò a cabo en  en el año 1891.

Leer tambièn sobre Pasneles solares fotovoltaicos para casas

¿Qué precio tiene un calentador solar?

El propietario promedio gasta $ 3,517 para instalar un calentador de agua solar. Hay consideraciones de instalación y equipo que ponen los costos entre $ 1,923 y $ 5,278 . Los modelos y componentes de alta gama  pueden costar hasta $ 13,000 .
El precio general está muy influenciado por el tipo de colector elegido. Los colectores a granel cuestan $ 500, mientras que los tubos y las placas planas pueden tener un costo de hasta $ 2,500 .
El tanque y las partes agregarán entre $ 500 y $ 1,500 al total del equipo, por un total de $ 1,000- $ 4,000 antes del trabajo y los permisos.
El costo  para este tipo de trabajo tiende a ser de $ 70 por hora . Agregue hasta $ 1,000 si se necesita un calentador de respaldo.
Para cualquiera que quiera ahorrar algo de dinero en sus facturas de calefacción cada mes, puede ser una buena idea instalar un nuevo calentador de agua solar.
La instalación de un sistema de energía solar en un hogar con un calentador de agua solar aprovechará la potencia del sol para todas las necesidades de agua caliente del hogar.
En conjunto, estas unidades son mucho más caras que el precio promedio para instalar calentadores de agua convencionales , que cuestan solo alrededor de $ 1,000 .
Sin embargo, tienden a recuperar ese gasto en su vida a través de ahorros de energía y esos ahorros pueden eventualmente superar el precio de instalación.

¿Qué beneficios proporciona un calentador de agua solar?

Hay algunos beneficios adicionales de tener un calentador de agua con energía solar.




Para empezar, el costo de la energía aumenta constantemente. Esto significa que, mientras que un calentador solar podría ahorrar entre $ 200 y $ 250 anualmente, este número podría subir un 50% en una década, permitiendo que el propietario ahorre aún más dinero.

Además, si alguna vez ocurre una sobretensión eléctrica o un corte de energía en el vecindario, los propietarios de calentadores de agua que funcionan con energía solar pueden seguir tomando duchas con agua caliente.

Los calentadores solares son excelentes para el medio ambiente ya que no agotan los recursos naturales y reducen drásticamente su emisiòn de carbono .

Además, los calentadores de agua solares son duraderos, confiables y generalmente duran hasta 20 años.

Si está buscando un calentador de agua de buena calidad y sus beneficios son impresionantes, un  calentador de agua solar puede ser el tipo de calentador de agua adecuado para usted.

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