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Aspectos positivos y negativos de la energia solar

 La energìa solar es una de las fuentes de energia renovable mas utilizada en la actualidad, por eso en este artìculo anlizaremos los Aspectos positivos y negativos de la energia solar
Los sistemas de energía solar / plantas de energía no producen contaminación del aire, contaminación del agua o gases de efecto invernadero.
El uso de la energía solar puede tener un efecto indirecto positivo en el medio ambiente cuando la energía solar reemplaza o reduce el uso de otras fuentes de energía que tienen mayores efectos en el medio ambiente

.Sin embargo, algunos materiales tóxicos y químicos se usan para fabricar las células fotovoltaicas (PV) que convierten la luz solar en electricidad. Algunos sistemas solares térmicos usan fluidos potencialmente peligrosos para transferir calor. Las fugas de estos materiales pueden ser perjudiciales para el medio ambiente.

Las leyes ambientales de los EE. UU. Regulan el uso y la eliminación de este tipo de materiales.Al igual que con cualquier tipo de planta de energía, las grandes plantas de energía solar pueden afectar el medio ambiente cerca de sus ubicaciones. La limpieza del terreno para la construcción y la colocación de la central eléctrica puede tener efectos a largo plazo en los hábitats de plantas y animales nativos.

Algunas plantas de energía solar pueden requerir agua para limpiar los colectores y concentradores solares o para enfriar los generadores de turbinas.El uso de grandes volúmenes de agua subterránea o superficial en algunos lugares áridos puede afectar los ecosistemas que dependen de estos recursos hídricos. Además, el rayo de sol concentrado que crea una torre de energía solar puede matar pájaros e insectos que vuelan hacia el rayo.

Aspectos positivos y negativos de la energía solar

La energía solar tiene el potencial de cambiar drásticamente la forma en que el mundo obtiene su poder. Suficiente energía solar cae en un área de 100 millas cuadradas del suroeste de los Estados Unidos para alimentar a toda la nación. Si bien la energía solar es una de las formas de energía más limpias del mundo, los planes para desarrollar granjas solares a escala de servicios públicos han generado preocupaciones sobre los posibles impactos ambientales.

Aspectos positivos y negativos de la energia solar

Cambio climático

La quema de combustibles fósiles para obtener energía sigue siendo la principal fuente mundial de emisiones de dióxido de carbono. La energía solar a veces se describe como una forma de energía de cero emisiones o libre de emisiones, y es cierto que las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la energía solar son insignificantes.

Sin embargo, la construcción de nuevos proyectos de energía solar a escala de servicios públicos seguramente generará algunas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Este hecho se reconoce en la Declaración Final de Impacto Ambiental para una granja solar propuesta en California.

Agua

Crear energía es un proceso intensivo en agua. En los Estados Unidos, la producción de electricidad representa más del 40 por ciento de todas las extracciones diarias de agua dulce. Los sistemas solares fotovoltaicos no requieren agua para generar electricidad.

Algunos sistemas solares térmicos usan agua, pero esta agua puede reutilizarse. Los sistemas de energía solar parabólicos y de torre central a escala de servicios públicos utilizan plantas de vapor para producir energía, a menudo dependen del agua para el enfriamiento. Existe cierta preocupación de que este tipo de sistemas, cuando se ubican en ambientes áridos, puedan ejercer presión sobre los recursos hídricos locales.

Tierra

Cuando se colocan en estructuras existentes, como la azotea de un edificio de viviendas u oficinas, los sistemas de energía solar requieren una cantidad insignificante de espacio en la tierra. Las granjas solares a escala de servicios públicos, por otro lado, requieren grandes cantidades de tierra para producir electricidad a escala comercial.

Este hecho plantea preocupaciones sobre el impacto potencial de tales proyectos en los hábitats naturales, preocupaciones que la EPA está trabajando para abordar ubicando proyectos de energía renovable en tierras contaminadas y sitios mineros.

Residuos peligrosos

Los paneles solares fotovoltaicos pueden contener materiales peligrosos que podrían liberarse cuando un panel se daña o se elimina de forma inadecuada (consulte la Referencia 5). Los sistemas de concentración de energía solar también pueden usar materiales potencialmente peligrosos como aceites y sales fundidas, creando el potencial de derrames.

Visual

La belleza de una persona es la monstruosidad de otra persona. Para algunos, los paneles solares evocan sentimientos positivos, incluso cuando se encuentran en un paisaje natural. Para otros, la visión de un panel solar que invade un entorno desértico prístino es desgarrador. Es en gran medida una cuestión de opinión.

 

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